Fibroids

Uterine Fibroids

What Are Fibroids?

Fibroids (also called uterine leiomyomas or myomas) are non-cancerous growths that develop in the muscle wall of the uterus.
They are very common in women of reproductive age and vary in size from tiny seeds to large masses.

Fibroids do NOT turn into cancer.

Types of Fibroids

Fibroids are classified based on their location:

  • Intramural Fibroids – grow inside the muscular wall of the uterus
  • Submucosal Fibroids – grow into the uterine cavity (cause heavy bleeding)
  • Subserosal Fibroids – grow outside the uterus
  • Pedunculated Fibroids – attached by a stalk inside or outside the uterus

Causes & Risk Factors

The exact cause is unknown, but factors include:

  • Hormonal imbalance (estrogen & progesterone)
  • Genetics / family history
  • Early onset of menstruation
  • Obesity
  • Vitamin D deficiency
  • Diet high in red meat and low in fruits/vegetables

Common Symptoms

Some women have no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they include:

  • Heavy menstrual bleeding
  • Prolonged periods
  • Pelvic pain or pressure
  • Frequent urination
  • Constipation
  • Pain during intercourse
  • Enlarged abdomen
  • Difficulty getting pregnant (in some cases)

Diagnosis

Fibroids are diagnosed using:

  • Pelvic examination
  • Ultrasound (most common)
  • MRI (for detailed mapping)
  • Hysteroscopy (to visualize inside the uterus)

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on size, location, symptoms, and pregnancy plans.

1. Medications

  • Hormonal birth control
  • GnRH agonists
  • Progestins
  • Tranexamic acid for heavy bleeding
  • Pain relievers (NSAIDs)

2. Minimally Invasive Procedures

  • Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE)
  • MRI-guided focused ultrasound (HIFU)

3. Surgical Treatments

  • Myomectomy – fibroid removal (uterus preserved)
  • Hysterectomy – uterus removal (permanent cure)
  • Hysteroscopic resection – for submucosal fibroids

Lifestyle & Home Remedies

  • Maintain healthy weight
  • Anti-inflammatory diet
  • Regular exercise
  • Reduce stress
  • Vitamin D supplementation (if low)
  • Complications
  • Severe anemia due to heavy bleeding
  • Infertility
  • Pregnancy complications (rare)
  • Pelvic pressure symptoms

When to See a Doctor

  • Heavy bleeding soaking pads every 1–2 hours
  • Severe pelvic pain
  • Difficulty urinating or bowel movement
  • Trouble getting pregnant
  • Rapid abdominal enlargement
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